Abstract: Introduction: information on epidemiological aspects is important for decision-making. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID-19 who were cared for in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, during the first year of the pandemic. Material and methods: the information from the Open Data of the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health of Mexico, of the cases of COVID-19 registered from 2020 to April 22, 2021, was analyzed. Results: during the study period, 1,153 Mexican pediatric patients were treated. The distribution by sex was similar, corresponding to 50.7% (n = 584) of male patients. By age, the majority were patients younger than two years, and between 12 and 18 years. Seventy-one patients (6.2%) had pneumonia, and 2.2% (n = 25) required intubation. Nineteen patients (1.6%) died. Conclusion: the data from this study showed that pediatric patients with COVID-19 treated in Chiapas had similar characteristics to those described in other parts of the world.

Resumen: Introducción: la información sobre aspectos epidemiológicos es importante para la toma de decisiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19 que fueron atendidos en el estado de Chiapas, México, durante el primer año de la pandemia. Material y métodos: se analizó la información de los Datos Abiertos de la Dirección General de Epidemiología de la Secretaría de Salud de México, de los casos de COVID-19 registrados del 2020 hasta el 22 de abril de 2021. Resultados: en el periodo de estudio se atendieron 1,153 pacientes pediátricos mexicanos. La distribución por sexo fue similar, correspondiendo a 50.7% (n = 584) a pacientes masculinos. Por edad, la mayoría fueron pacientes menores de dos años, así como de entre 12 y 18 años. Del total, tuvo neumonía el 6.2% (n = 71) y requirió intubación el 2.2% (n = 25). Fallecieron 19 pacientes (1.6%). Conclusión: los datos de este estudio mostraron que los pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19 atendidos en Chiapas, tuvieron un comportamiento similar a lo descrito en otras partes del mundo.

Abstract Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prolotherapy with hypertonic dextrose in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A systematic search was performed in electronic databases including PUBMED, SCIELO, DIALNET and Google Scholar. Main body: We searched for randomized clinical trials that evaluated therapeutic interventions in patients with knee osteoarthritis. These trials compared the effect of intra-articular and / or extra-articular infiltrations of hypertonic dextrose vs the effect of intra-articular and / or extra-articular infiltrations of other substances or some interventional procedure application, via assessing pain, physical function and secondary effects and / or adverse reactions. Ten randomized clinical trials were included in this systematic review, the total sample size comprised 328 patients treated with hypertonic dextrose (prolotherapy) vs 348 controls treated with other infiltrations such as local anesthetics, hyaluronic acid, ozone, platelet-rich plasma or interventional procedures like radiofrequency. Conclusions: In terms of pain reduction and function improvement, prolotherapy with hypertonic dextrose was more effective than infiltrations with local anesthetics, as effective as infiltrations with hyaluronic acid, ozone or radiofrequency and less effective than PRP and erythropoietin, with beneficial effect in the short, medium and long term. In addition, no side effects or serious adverse reactions were reported in patients treated with hypertonic dextrose. Although HDP seems to be a promising interventional treatment for knee OA, more studies with better methodological quality and low risk of bias are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this intervention.